Stroke is a disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain. This disease occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood it needs, so it and brain cells die.
The type of stroke you have affects your treatment and recovery. The three main types of stroke are:
1. Ischemic stroke
This occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain becomes clogged and impairs the blood flow to part of the brain. Within minutes of lack of oxygen and nutrients, the brain cells and tissues start to die. Ischemic stroke is divided into two groups:
2. Hemorrhagic stroke
This occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain ruptures and bleeds. When an artery bleeds into the brain, brain cells and tissues do not get oxygen and nutrients. Also, pressure builds up in surrounding tissues, and irritation and swelling occur, which leads to further brain damage. Hemorrhagic stroke is divided into two categories:
3. Transient ischemic attack
This is sometimes called a mini-stroke. Transient ischemic attack or TIA is different from the major types of strokes. It is because blood flow to the brain is blocked for only a short period and usually no more than 5 minutes.
Anyone can have a stroke at any age, but your risk of having stroke increases if you have certain risk factors. Risk factors for stroke that can be changed, treated, or medically managed:
You can help prevent stroke by making healthy lifestyle choices. Choosing a healthy meal can help you prevent stroke. Be sure to eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. Eating foods low in saturated fats, trans fat, and cholesterol and high in fiber can help prevent high cholesterol. Limiting salt in your diet can also lower your blood pressure. High cholesterol and high blood pressure increase your chances of having a stroke.
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